SPECIES DIVERSITY RICHNESS SOFTWARE FREE DOWNLOAD

Description

Species Richness and Diversity IV is a program where you can use the latest methods to gain insights into your data.
SDR gives you a powerful suite of proven methods including some of the most exciting methods in modern ecology.
With SDR, you can use all these methods, simply, quickly and easily.
With SDR you can explore multiple indices in a fraction of a second, compare the diversity or richness of any two samples, produce high quality graphics and discover patterns in your data. SDR is the tool that unlocks your data

• Rate:
• Release Date:09/18/2011
• License:Shareware
• Category:Utilities

• Developer:PISCES Conservation Ltd
• Downloads:66
• Size:6.01 Mb
• Price: $118.76

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Species Diversity & Richness (SDR)

Latest version 4.1.2

Price: £74.00 + postage/VAT

How to buy SDR
Update History/Upgrades
Download demo version
Download PDF manual

SPECIAL OFFER! - Purchase SDR, and get the Powerpoint Lecture CD "An Introduction to Species Diversity & Richness" for only at £12.

Species Richness and Diversity IV 4. 1. 2002

PISCES Conservation Ltd in Utilities

Species Richness and Diversity IV is a program where you can use the latest methods to gain insights into your data. SDR gives you a powerful suite of proven methods including some of the most exciting methods in modern ecology. With SDR, you can use all these methods, simply, quickly and easily. With SDR you can explore multiple indices in a fraction of a second, compare the diversity or richness of any two samples, produce high quality graphics and discover patterns in your data. SDR is the tool that unlocks your data

Species Richness and Diversity IV 4. 1. 2002 Utilities software developed by PISCES Conservation Ltd. The license of this utilities software is shareware, the price is $118.76, you can free download and get a free trial before you buy a registration or license. Do not use warez version, crack, serial numbers, registration codes, pirate key for this utilities software Species Richness and Diversity IV. If you want to get a full and unlimited version of Species Richness and Diversity IV, you should buy from original publisher PISCES Conservation Ltd. 

SPECIES DIVERSITY | Tropical Rain Forests Are More Biologically Diverse

Tropical rain forests are more biologically diverse than any other biome, lying at the extreme of a latitudinal diversity gradient that extends from the poles to the tropics. High species diversity in tropical forests is perhaps most impressively illustrated by the results of surveys of insects obtained using canopy fogging with broad-spectrum insecticides. 

A landmark study by Terry Erwin sampled the canopy of a single Luehea seemannii tree in Panama, finding 163 species of beetles (Coleoptera) co-occurring in this one tree. Through a series of extrapolations (based on estimates of the total number of world tree species and the proportion of insect species comprised of beetles), Erwin estimated that there may be 30 million species of insects occurring in the tropical forests of the world. This figure implies that 495% of the earth’s species remain to be described. 

While more recent sampling efforts have tended to yield lower estimates of tropical insect diversity, there are conservatively between 5 and 10 million species. This quantity is 5-to 10-fold greater than all species described to date. Thus, while tropical forests occupy only 7% of the earth’s land surface they are thought to contain over half of all of the species on the planet. The idea that species diversity of tropical animals (which are mostly insects) is a simple function of the number of plant species also implies that any effort to explain tropical diversity in general must, first and foremost, address the problem of the origin and maintenance of plant diversity.

THE IMPACT OF THE HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON THE ECOSYSTEMS

The impact of human activities on the fundamental ecological process of the planet grows so to does the list of species and ecosystems at risk. Addressing the damage and loss requires that we understand the causes and take action based on that understanding. Underlying threats to biodiversity include the size and distribution of the human population, the level of resource consumption, programs and policies that effectively provide incentives for the depletion of biological diversity and failing to recognize the full value of environmental goods and services. While these underlying causes are often related to universal human values and are extremely complex and difficult to address, there are more direct and immediate threats that can and should be addressed at the provincial and local levels.

The immediate threats to biodiversity can be summarized under five main headings:

• habitat loss and fragmentation,
• invasive exotic species,
• pesticides and pollution,
• over-harvesting and
• global warming.

Habitat loss and fragmentation are the most serious problems, where most of the native prairie has been cultivated and the highest density of roads exist. Aquatic systems, such as streams, are also fragmented by structures including dams, poorly constructed road crossings and other barriers.

The next most serious problem is invasive exotic species. Hundreds of species have been deliberately or accidentally introduced and some have become serious threats to native species. For example, leafy spurge can completely displace native vegetation, European carp destroy the habitat of other fish and non-native ladybugs may out-compete their native counterparts. Many of these non-native species are also serious agricultural pests responsible for millions of dollars in lost revenue.

The widespread use of pesticides also poses a threat to the biodiversity. Herbicides and insecticides can kill beneficial native plants and insects. Improperly used pesticides also promote the evolution of resistance in pests, which can also reduce the long-term effectiveness of the pesticides. The combined impact of the increasing number of exotic pests and the need to control all pests highlights the need to develop more ecologically friendly and sustainable pest management tools.

Over-harvesting of game species has largely been addressed through regulations that prevent people from taking too many plants, animals, birds or fish for sport or consumption. However there is still the issue of poaching and its impact on the biodiversity. Poachers take as many animals as the people who legally hunt, fish or harvest. This means we must focus attention on dealing with those who ignore existing regulations. Not all of the harvesting pressure comes from illegal users. For example, research shows that the number of fish in a lake drops dramatically once a road is opened to the lake. Also, there are currently no regulations addressing the harvest of wild plants unless they are legally designated species at risk. The challenge facing us is balancing the need to use the resource with the need to conserve the resource.

Climate change is acting in concert with the other forces to increase the impacts on native species. For example, species' ranges expand or contract as an adaptive response to natural climate variation. As global warming continues this requirement for range movement will likely increase. However, movement of species is very difficult due to extensive habitat loss and fragmentation. It is therefore vital to re-establish or maintain linkages or corridors across ecosystems that will allow for the movement of these species and their genes.